Essay --

InterContinental Hotels pigeonholing PLC (IHG) pass InnChris ElderBaker College Holiday Inn (IHG)Holiday Inn purpose of businessInterContinental Hotels Group (IHG) was created in 2003 from which the Holiday Inn brand is overseen. Holiday Inns are located world wide in 100 countries with over 4,600 hotels (IHG, 2014). Holiday Inn provides a service to their over 100 million guest nights each year customers and currently have over 47 million members enrolled in the IHG rewards club and rank highest in satisfaction in their category (IHG, 2014). IHG can be found on the cable market and has publicly offered stock since 1967. In 2013 IHG showed a net income of $237.99 million and is currently a profit operating company (Market watch, 2014). In 2013 over 67% of gross sales were conducted electronically through with(predicate) IHG web sites and affiliates (IHG, 2014). History of Holiday InnIn 1952 the first Holiday Inn was built by Kemmons Wilson and was located just outside of Memphis Tennessee (Orrill, 2014). Customers knew exactly what to ask when arriving at Holiday Inn because each included the same features and amenities.Inspired by a 1951 road trip Wilson pictured a chain of inexpensive fresh lodging along major freeway exits (Orrill, 2014). Wilsons first hotel had 120 rooms. Each hotel room had television, air condition and telephone. Each hotel had an outdoor swim pool and children under 12 stayed free (Orrill, 2014). In 1956 a $76 billion highway development offered Wilson the opportunity to expand (Orrill, 2014). Wilson recruited investors in 1953 and began offering stock publicly in 1967 for the chains ongoing expansion (Orrill, 2014). In 1967 Wilson opened his first European hotel and was the first hotel chain to surpa... ...the government requirements of the US Sarbanes-Oxley Act and rules of the big board and are also applicable to it as a foreign private issuer (NYSE, 2014). Since IHG is a foreign private issuer it is required to disclose any important shipway in which IHGs corporate practices are different from those of the US companies (NYSE, 2014). These are as follows Basis of regulation, independent directors, chairman and chief executive officer, committees, non-executive director meetings, shareowner approval of equity compensation plans, code of conduct and compliance certification (NYSE, 2014). Each year all Chief Executives of any US company essential confirm to the NYSE that he or she is not aware of any violations by their company with regards to NYSE corporate governance listing standards (NYSE, 2014). These standards in the most(prenominal) part drive business decisions within the company.

Essay --

In this day and age, many argue that the United States has an apathy problem. According to The Huffington Post, America is truly exceptional in its ability not to c be. The only time we are concerned about an issue, is only if and when it personally affects us. This is also the circumstance in regards to politics. Citizens must have reliable information in order to make good, rational decisions that will help our political system run efficiently. Unfortunately, this is not always the case. According to Converse, most Americans glance at human race life innocent of ideological concepts and unguided by any broad outlook on government policy (Kinder and Sanders, 1996, p. 167). In such a society, on that point is no such thing as equal representation, only popular representation, as a result of the disparities and ignorance of the people. Converse makes very valid arguments that confirm that irrespective of ideological innocence, political electorates, as a whole, will continue to be consistent with the changing conditions of society.In the past, the information problem was the scarcity of information and the mixed-up flow of information to the voters. Today, the problem is one of superabundance (Converse, 1990, p. 371). Because there is such a massive volume of information available, it is difficult to organize and rummage through and through it all. Corresponding to Downs Rational Choice theory, rational voters will not make an effort to analyze such information because there are higher costs than benefits to search through and find good information (Converse, 1964, p. 33). Consequently, there is a huge disparitya difference that we greatly devaluebetween the ignorant and the well-informed constituents. According to Converse, there... ...presentation fidelity is higher for the better-educated constituents (Converse, 1990, p. 387). This is the case because politically sophisticated entities will be more vocal and more tortuous in legislation.Our society is a mix of the two models, issue-public and top-down, so it only makes sense that information will be unequally distributed. Although we dont like to admit it much, we are a very indifferent society, so people do not care they will simply delve into and further develop their expertise on topics that they are specifically interested in. However, there is no need to fret. Everyone is different and has distinct interests and skills. After all, there are nine different types of intelligencessome leap out in Math while others outshine in English. Therefore, we should leave politics to the professionals and the well-informed constituents.

Essay --

Nuclear dynamism comes from the nucleus of an atom.The source, or fuel, of nuclear zippo is most commonly Uranium 235 Nuclear energy after part be converted into electricity, as a secondary energy source, which flows through power lines and other sources to be transmitted to your home.Fission means to riptide apart. Inside the nuclear reactor, uranium atoms ar split apart in a controlled chain reaction. A slow neutron can be captured by a uranium-235 nucleus, and leave it unstable when undergoing nuclear fission. If a neutron goes too fast, it will not be captured in the nucleus, so neutrons must be slowed down to increase their mishap to the captured in the reactors. The pressurized water reactor is better to the environment than the boiling water reactor because more of pressurized water reactor is enclosed in a containment structure, which produces less(prenominal) radiation to the surrounding area.Uranium is found in uranium mines.Searching for uranium is some times easier to find than for other mineral resources because the radiation signature of uraniums radioactive decay products allows deposits to be recognized and charted from the air.The energy released by the fission that takes place in a nuclear reactor is converted and generated into electricity.Both fission and fusion are actively used in providing power for the missions in space. They create higher velocities that increase the speed of rockets. Nuclear energy can be used by archaeologists, geologists and anthropologists in defining the age of rocks, insects, etc.It can be used in the treatment of cancer through the use of radiotherapy. Nuclear Energy can also be used in Food and Agriculture, Sterilization, Tracing Pollutants, Detecting Leaks in Pipelines, and Power Sources.http//ww... ... energy than what the lasers originally shot at the target.Preparing for a true fusion reaction takes weeks, but the reaction is completed in less than one-billionth of a second. At the core of the react ion, the shove is 150 billion times atmospheric pressure. The density and temperature of the plasma created is nearly three times that at the center of the Sun, Omar Hurricane wrote.Does not emit greenhouse gasesCreates a huge amount of energy in small amounts of fuelCan commonly find the fuel to use fusionDoes not emit as much radiation as fissionWe give birthnt been able to have a controlled reaction be able unleash huge amounts of energy on earth. We need to have a reaction where we get more energy from fusion than how much energy we need to create it. It only occurs at extremely high pressure and temperatures. Reaction lasts a very short time.

Essay --

While the so-called spiritual issue is necessarily and properly the chief proceeds here tonight, I command to emphasize from the outset that we have far more critical issues to face in the 1960 cullion the spread of Communist influence, until it at one time festers 90 miles off the gliding of Florida--the humiliating treatment of our president and Vice President by those who no longer respect our power--the hungry children I power saw in West Virginia, the experient people who cannot pay their doctor bills, the families forced to give up their farms--an the States with also many slums, with too few schools, and too late to the moon and out space. These be the real issues which should decide this campaign. And they are not religious issues--for war and hunger and ignorance and despair know no religious barriers. But because I am a Catholic, and no Catholic has ever been elected President, the real issues in this campaign have been obscured--perhaps deliberately, in some q uarter less responsible than this. So it is apparently necessary for me to state once again--not what miscellany of church I retrieve in, for that should be important only to me--but what mental of America I view in. I believe in an America where the separation of church and state is absolute--where no Catholic prelate would tell the President (should he be Catholic) how to act, and no Protestant minister would tell his parishoners for whom to vote--where no church or church school is granted any public pecuniary resource or political preference--and where no man is denied public office merely because his religion differs from the President who might appoint him or the people who might elect him. I believe in an America that is officially neither Catholic, Protestant nor Jewish--where no public offici... ...h favor upon those who would work to subvert Article VI of the shaping by requiring a religious test--even by indirection--for it. If they disagree with that safeguard the y should be out openly working to repeal it. I want a gaffer Executive whose public acts are responsible to all groups and obligated to none--who can attend any ceremony, service or dinner his office may befittingly require of him--and whose fulfillment of his presidential oath is not limited or conditioned by any religious oath, ritual or obligation. This is the kind of America I believe in--and this is the kind I fought for in the South Pacific, and the kind my brother died for in Europe. No one suggested then that we may have a divided loyalty, that we did not believe in liberty, or that we belonged to a disloyal group that threatened the freedoms for which our forefathers died. Essay -- While the so-called religious issue is necessarily and properly the chief topic here tonight, I want to emphasize from the outset that we have far more critical issues to face in the 1960 election the spread of Communist influence, until it now festers 90 miles off the coast of Florida--the humiliating treatment of our President and Vice President by those who no longer respect our power--the hungry children I saw in West Virginia, the old people who cannot pay their doctor bills, the families forced to give up their farms--an America with too many slums, with too few schools, and too late to the moon and outer space. These are the real issues which should decide this campaign. And they are not religious issues--for war and hunger and ignorance and despair know no religious barriers. But because I am a Catholic, and no Catholic has ever been elected President, the real issues in this campaign have been obscured--perhaps deliberately, in some quarters less responsible than this. So it is apparently necessary for me to state once again--not what kind of church I believe in, for that should be important only to me--but what kind of America I believe in. I believe in an America where the separation of church and state is absolute--where no Catholic prelate wou ld tell the President (should he be Catholic) how to act, and no Protestant minister would tell his parishoners for whom to vote--where no church or church school is granted any public funds or political preference--and where no man is denied public office merely because his religion differs from the President who might appoint him or the people who might elect him. I believe in an America that is officially neither Catholic, Protestant nor Jewish--where no public offici... ...h favor upon those who would work to subvert Article VI of the Constitution by requiring a religious test--even by indirection--for it. If they disagree with that safeguard they should be out openly working to repeal it. I want a Chief Executive whose public acts are responsible to all groups and obligated to none--who can attend any ceremony, service or dinner his office may appropriately require of him--and whose fulfillment of his Presidential oath is not limited or conditioned by any religious oath, ritua l or obligation. This is the kind of America I believe in--and this is the kind I fought for in the South Pacific, and the kind my brother died for in Europe. No one suggested then that we may have a divided loyalty, that we did not believe in liberty, or that we belonged to a disloyal group that threatened the freedoms for which our forefathers died.

Personality and the Beast Within in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and

Personality and the Beast Within in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. HydeEveryone has a dual personality, two sides, trustworthy and evil. RobertLouis Stephenson uses the book to explain this, he precious peck torealise that not only Dr Jekyll carries a reduplicate personality, but theother characters in the book too. Also the people reading it must divulgethat they too, are a part of this frightening uncontrollable fact,that there is the beast within us all.Stephenson suggests that all gentlemen keep secrets, suppressemotions, desires, and hide their true versed self. In the story Mr.Utterson is a great example of a gentleman (lawyer) needing tosuppress his less socially acceptable side for the sake of preservinghis dependable standing(a) in society. Though he enjoyed the theatrehadnt crossed the doors of one for twenty years Utterson wasaustere with himself. Drinking only alone, having the security ofknowing that he is the only person who might witness and thereforejudg e him, the respected gentleman could appear a little out ofcontrol. Mr.Utterson feels that if he indulges in luxuries such asthese, he may become too involved and express himself freely, hesfrightened that he could ruin his image and loose his respectablereputation. Mr. Utterson hides his other side whereas Jekyll shows it,by choice or not.Once the theories of scientists such as Charles Darwin, HerbertSpencer and T.H Huxley became known people began to think of the humanstruggle between good and evil and psychological terms. Ideas such asThe theory of evolution and the survival of the fittest,contradicted the teachings of the Old Testament, and lead many peopleto question Christianity. However many people w... ...cheap area reflecting the lives of Jekyll and Hyde. London,with excursions into low-life neighbourhoods, it too is aboutappearances and reputations, and involves an individual whom who livesa double life of outward pity and secret corruption. Jekyll uses theugly deformed Hyde as his body doubleThe Beast within is studied in this book. The most obvious case ofthis is within Dr. Jekyll and, Mr Hyde, however it shows in the otherstoo, not only in this book in the whole of civilisation. Once Dr.Jekyll has captured life for a while he is not just one, but two, Hydeis constantly struggling to get out, each fighting for control. RobertLouis Stephenson essay to show that everyone displays a certain threatfrom their other side, fighting to escape from their desired image andthat it is not just apparent in this Gothic refreshing but within everyone.

Personality and the Beast Within in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and

Personality and the Beast Within in The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. HydeEveryone has a dual personality, two fonts, good and evil. RobertLouis Stephenson uses the hand to explain this, he wanted tribe torealise that not just Dr Jekyll carries a double personality, but theother characters in the book too. Also the people reading it must seethat they too, are a part of this frightening uncontrollable fact,that there is the beast within us all.Stephenson suggests that all gentlemen keep secrets, restrictemotions, desires, and hide their true inner self. In the story Mr.Utterson is a great example of a gentleman (lawyer) needing tosuppress his less socially acceptable side for the sake of preservinghis respectable standing in society. Though he enjoyed the theatrehadnt crossed the doors of one for twenty years Utterson wasaustere with himself. Drinking alone alone, having the security ofknowing that he is the only person who might witness and thereforejudge him, the respecte d gentleman could appear a little tabu ofcontrol. Mr.Utterson feels that if he indulges in luxuries such asthese, he may become too involved and express himself freely, hesfrightened that he could conk out his image and loose his respectablereputation. Mr. Utterson hides his other side whereas Jekyll shows it,by choice or not.Once the theories of scientists such as Charles Darwin, HerbertSpencer and T.H Huxley became known people began to think of the adult malestruggle between good and evil and psychological terms. Ideas such asThe theory of evolution and the survival of the fittest,contradicted the teachings of the Old Testament, and lead many peopleto fountainhead Christianity. However many people w... ...cheap area reflecting the lives of Jekyll and Hyde. London,with excursions into low-life neighbourhoods, it too is aboutappearances and reputations, and involves an individual whom who livesa double life of outward pity and secret corruption. Jekyll uses theugly distorted Hyde as his body doubleThe Beast within is studied in this book. The most obvious case ofthis is within Dr. Jekyll and, Mr Hyde, however it shows in the otherstoo, not only in this book in the whole of civilisation. Once Dr.Jekyll has captured life for a while he is not just one, but two, Hydeis constantly struggling to capture out, each fighting for control. RobertLouis Stephenson tried to show that everyone displays a certain threatfrom their other side, fighting to escape from their desired image andthat it is not just unmistakable in this Gothic novel but within everyone.

Harry Potter and the Philosiphers Stone imaginary writing

I have missed you ever so much. Things are marvellous I actually made some friends today. Namely Ron Weasley, he a funny, ginger hair boy, a bit obnoxious I must posit but lovely all the same. Oh, and guess who the other one is? The famous HARRY POTTER Hes such a lovely boy, handsome and heroic. They saved me from a troll How weird? I know. What is a troll doing in a school? I bet thats what youre probably asking? It was enormous and vile It was a dreadful ordeal and I would non wish such a thing upon no one.After charms class we were on our way to dinner and I overheard Ron talking about me and making harsh remarks that I think Im better than e very(prenominal)body else, that I am snob and a know it all. I thence ran glowering as I was hurt by those words and spent the rest of the evening crying in the girls toilet.Meanwhile Professor Quirell ran into the dinner hall screaming, rhythm in the dungeon, TROLL in the dungeon, I thought you ought to know and then he fainted. After t he Professors traumatic display, the teachers ran off to get rid of the troll while chevy and Ron came in the toilets to warn me of that a troll was on the school premises. But believe it or not immediately after they entered the toilets, the troll came in and that was when everything got very chaotic.The troll tried to attack us Ron then used a spell that we learnt earlier in charms class to control the trolls club and used it to poppycock it on the head until it fainted and Harry then dragged me to safety. It was one of the most horrific and terrifying experience I have ever encountered in my life. I in reality do appreciate Harrys braveness and Rons quick thinking, so all in all it was a joint effort that saved your precious daughters life. But lets not d wellhead on the negative events that took place at Hogwarts.On a positive aspect we won the gold cop for Gryffindor can. At head start I did not think that we would stand a chance because the end-of-year feast was decked o ut with Slytherin colours of green and silver to celebrate Slytherins winning the mansion house cup for the 7th year in a row. There was a huge banner showing the Slytherin serpent covered the wall behind the superior table. Dumbledore began awarding the houses with their points in fourth place, Gryffindor, with three hundred and twelve points, I really did not know what to say, and I felt so disappointed.Not to my surprise in first place was Slytherin with four hundred and seventy-two. A storm of cheering and stamping broke out from the Slytherin table. Dumbledore then said yes, yes, well done, Slytherin. However, recent events must be taken into account, and the room went silent. Then he says he has a few last-minute points to dish out.First to Mr Ronald Weasley, for the best-played chess Hogwarts has seen in years, I award Gryffindor house fifty points. Second to Miss Hermione Granger for the cool use of logic in the face of fire, I award Gryffindor house fifty points. I the n buried my face in my arms from disbelief. Dumbledore then said third to Mr Harry Potterfor pure nerve and outstanding courage, I award Gryffindor house sixty points. Everyone knew that Gryffindor now had four hundred and seventy points exactly the same as Slytherin. We had drawn for the House Cup if only Dumbledore had given Harry beneficial one more point. Dumbledore raised his hand and the room gradually went silent.There are all kinds of courage, he said smiling. It takes a great deal of bravery to stand up to our enemies, but just as much to stand up to our friends. I therefore award ten points to Mr Neville Longbottom. A loud dissonance erupted from Gryffindor table and Harry, Ron and I stood up and cheered with exhilaration, we were so overwhelmed with excitement, we just could not keep still. In an instant the green became scarlet and the silver became gold the vast Slytherin serpent vanished and a soaring Gryffindor lion took its place. It really felt great and I am lo oking forward to next year.My first year has almost stop but it was a remarkable and an awe-inspiring experience, surely one I will never forget. It seemed that thing would be back to normal next year, well as normal as it ever was at Hogwarts. I cant wait to see you Mum and Dad. I love you loads. Tell every one high and I will be home soon.

Such power – Creative Writing

The lattices unf obsoleteed, releasing images and numbers people became clear, their lives known to me, a child of the judging daughter of telepathyCan you escort? Can you smell, hear, touch a million senses that atomic number 18nt yours? Can you sense a persons innermost thoughts? See through their eyes, until all you feel is a shell of a world, serious one small view of the complex image you know is there.Look around, with your inner eye a whirlwind of images, sounds, words. Faces stare in the vortex old voices test new phrases a smell revives a strangers memory. How do you hold it all? Whose feelings are real? It could engulf you, this power, the helplessness of the feeble minds you enter, until your cry regainmly rings through so many headsYou screwing bury yourself in one mind, or open up to the cacophony of the world. What sur positions? More complex than the physiological world thoughts can scatter to dark corners, or collect in the forebrain how much can you read in t he blackness that mere mortals can non see? Subconsciousness. In there a part of us lurks, suspicious of everyone, waiting till our defences are torn to shreds and we can show our true nature, our first strength. about people snap early succumb to pressures, do what the voices say. Life can seem easier when you dont have control frustrating for some, for many it is simple release. How then can you cope? The responsibility, the knowledge gleaned from others of the consequences you might unknowingly inflict. That word seems nonsensical you, the mind reader, the gifted, not knowing something. But if you dont cant see the hereafter, should you still control people? Do you? Do you learn from yourself as well? Either you become ruthless, manipulative, or terribly afraid of your gift. How could such a child grow figurely, with those thoughts unsaid, but not unheard.Decisions. They fill our lives, and the child sees. Yet do we truly decide for ourselves? We are influenced by every exp erience we have, every choice we make. We become the product of the life story we lead but somehow we made those decisions, often early on, about our future. Somewhat paradoxical is this world clearly personality does not spring into existence, moreover it influences itself in an unending spiral. No two choices are the same size, without ever becoming unimportant.Suppose, a most whimsical choice, someone wears light, loose clothing on the very day a fast car whips past, catching on it and tearing everything could have any impact. A normal human cannot foretell the future but we can imagine. If you see a thousand peoples dreams, and learn their hopes and experiences, read a million thoughts for the future is that not a style of precognition? Intentions are clear and what the normal person does not think of may be obvious to the next one along you could change peoples livesYou could change your own life.You essential choose. You have power knowledge, predictive ability and intelli gence you must choose whether to help others or yourself. You could have the world. When you can see what others want, need, expect from you, will you merriment up to it or twist their thoughts, even their world?You look through a thousand eyes, and see how a thousand worlds could be better. How they could affect apiece other. Having this feeling from birth this weight of knowledge, this heavy understanding you may perhaps be bitter. You ask yourself again why something happened, when you could have prevented it.The child looked about him, his face pale and calmHe knew the answers instantly for they were not his own.His eyes never shifted, they focused on his work,His answers coming fluidly although his mind would jerk.From one head to another, the little male child did pryHis eyes skimming patterns that meant so much to his third eye.No one knew this was his talent, not math or science, but the ability to know,Know what others were thinking, and thats how he did not grow.He plu ndered and stole his way right to the top,Telling people what they thought his treachery unseen.The compliments were many yet he was alone, detain in his own lies,And that is where he stayed until the day he diedCan normal people comprehend how a telepaths mind would be shaped? If the gift comes later(prenominal) in life, how tempted would a person be by power, tempted to make decisions for others, or just to help a little more than is necessary?The darkness in your own soul may be more difficult than anothers people lie to themselves, you thought you were above that, but youre still one of us. Dark undercurrents have a bun in the oven emotions and surface as fits of depression, anger, violence then regret. You watch as our emotions surge, fighting tooshie your own. A normal teen? No a thousand normal teens. And you cannot tell a soul, for there are institutes for mad people like you they would not understand.Do you dream? Do you scream when, released at nights, your mind flits back and forth thoughts unstructured, pieced together from other brainswhy hurt need but not pain rememberand the images flicking, picture after picture, so fast, so right away gone, old friends, places, a deathbed, a favourite dog, a tree which conjures sorrow a true nightmare, impossible to decipher so much pain. The world itself is the nightmare why can you not put it to rights? But there are days without torture, days when the sun shines and you find a happiness to feed upon. You sweep over those who are hurting out, listen only to the sunshine and peace in a childs head.Somehow eventually you piece together some sort of education learn to select what you open your mind to how much easier it would be, were you not alone of you kind. A teacher, a real teacher, who understood now that would be somethingConcentrate now. ace mind at a time, please. No damage must be done. This man, read him, but learn the taste of your own thoughts you know his prejudice is wrong. Dont just take, add of your own. Think for yourself, or be locked away.Would you?So many people so frightened, so scared of being disappeared you pick up that fear, but an intellect Couldnt you change the minds around you? Are you able to change thoughts, after reading them? Influence minds without saying a word This is why your power inspires fear no one knows how much you can control. Maybe all you need is the knowledge, the knowledge of what people want to hear. You would never be locked away, so long as you listen, and utter those magical words to convince them.This is a curse, you think-feel-sense-absorb. You are destined never to be alone, do not understand the search for companionship. All you want is solitude, an drop mind. They would have thought you insane, had they known the fiery maelstrom in your head. A child cannot think without words, and you had so many, so many one of the first things you decode was not to be different. Different is scary. But of course, you were smart. You met smart people, and gained their smarts too. You understood anything a tutor told you almost before they spoke necessarily, with the gift comes intelligence or your mind could not cope with the data flowing so unhesitatingly. With the gift comes cunning. You are different and powerful. You are a world healer or a destroyer.

Consumers’ Perception of Quality Essay

This study primarily investigates the underlying factors that help to form consumer perception of flavour toward private universities in Bangladesh. Five beliefs have been identified as salient to perceive the role of private universities of Bangladesh. These are grapheme faculty members, university purlieu, campus facility, quality raising and university image/ disposition. Multi-item measures were used for data collection. Results revealed that three factors campus facility, quality education and university image/reputation have positive and significant influence on perceived quality of private university in Bangladesh. Quality faculty members and university environment do not have significant influence on perceived quality of private university in Bangladesh.INTRODUCTIONHigher education in the university level has been imparted through and through two major types of institutions, namely exoteric university and private university. The concept of private university in Banglade sh is not a very ancient maven. The emergence of private university in Bangladesh began with the enactment of a series of laws governing high education in 1992. To fulfill the ever-growing demand of institutions of higher studies, at present there are 85 universities in Bangladesh where only 29 of those are public universities and remaining 56 are private (University Grants Commission Website). Establishment of private universities released the pressure of large-scale entryway seekers for the limited number of seats available in public universities. The Private University Act 1992 mentions that the main objectives of private universities are to meet the growing demand of higher education and to create skilled manpower for the economic development of the country.The present study analyzes the perceived quality of private universities in Bangladesh focusing on nearly salient beliefs like quality faculty members, university environment, campus facility, quality education, image/rep utation. Private universities in Bangladesh, no doubt, have contributed to responding to the social demand for higher education by absorbing a good number of students who otherwise could not have received university degree.The private universities are attracting a large number of students, while it seems that the reputation and teaching-learning process of the public universities are secularly on the decline, despite the fact that their worldwide reputation is higher than some of the private universities. The state has to form some anatomy of accreditation council and those private universities that satisfy certain critical minimum requirements of inputs, processes, and outputs will be given accreditation by the proposed council.RELATED CONSTRUCTS OF THIS STUDYFaculty Members Faculty members are one of the most important and crucial factors for any private universities. In order to evaluate perceived quality the key factor to be considered is the quality of the faculties as it has a significant influence on the perceived quality of private universities. Also to provide quality education the faculty members are also elect from a pool of excellent academic background with national and foreign degrees. For ensuring the sound academic environment, without delay private universities are emphasizing research pass away of the faculty members. University Environment The university environment is another factor for choosing university and perceiving the quality of a particular university. Therefore it is important that the university essential have a congenial environment that will ensure friendly student-teacher relationship, politics free and no session jam or delay in achieving graduation, well organized authority, zero disagreement and good and healthy premises.Campus Facility The campus facility of any private university must have the basic facilities as well as some value added facilities as the students of private universities are paying some premium price in getting the education here. Quality Education The students who get enrolled in private universities must have a minimum educational background to qualify for the admission test and finally enrolled in the university. The curriculum is designed to meet the international streamer as well as the students should be able to take part in any competitive examination with full confidence as compared to those of public universities.The student-teacher ratio and the grading policy also have an impact on the quality education. Image / Reputation The image or reputation of the university has an impact in the job market. The private universities like North South University, East West University, BRAC University, Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB), American International University, Bangladesh (AIUB) have been able to create an acceptance to the students and defender community by their image and reputation.OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDYThe objective of this study therefore is to identify, an alyze, and explore how the students perceive quality of the private universities and what are the extrinsic factors (faculty strength, university environment, campus facility, brand image, and quality of education) influencing perception of quality to the students and guardians. Each of these extrinsic cues has positive or negative impact on the students evaluation of private universities in Bangladesh. Having identified all the cues we adopt to find out which cue/s has/have more influence on the students while evaluating the perceived quality of a particular private university. examine OF THE LITERATUREGiven the importance of the topic, it is not surprising that a great deal has been written almost quality. Consistency limitation preclude a panoptic review (Castleberry 1985), only the literature that is relevant to the objectives of this exploratory study will be discussed here. Unlike the approach taken in this paper, many authors have offered explanations of quality. For exam ple, Crosby (1979) delimitate it as conformance to requirements, while Kotler (2006) defined it as the rated ability of the brand to perform its functions. Others have highlighted aesthetic considerations. Thus, Bohr (1980) notes that quality also means aesthetic and sensuous pleasure as wellit is timeless style, simple elegance and a sensation that makes people feel comfortable and satisfied to be near it. Garvin (1984), however, concedes that the definition of quality remains a source of confusion.He states that quality often is equated with conformance to tight manufacturing standards but that there are many other dimensions of quality as well, to wit performance, durability, reliability, gainability, the bells and whistles, and aesthetic elements. In a similar view, Gronroos (1984) acknowledges the need to define quality of services in terms of consumer perceptions and suggests that service quality may be a function of a number of variables, i.e., consumer expectations, techn ical and functional characteristics, and image. After classifying definitions of quality that have appeared in marketing and other disciplines, Holbrook and Corfman (1985) developed a definition of quality within the framework of value theory, specifically quality is the extrinsic, self-oriented, passive value. An empirical test of their conceptual definition was only marginally fortunate and the authors concluded that they had provided only a partial answer to the incredulity of the meaning of quality. Years ago Wittgenstein (1953) stated that to understand quality from the consumers standpoint, one must be concerned with the everyday use of the word.However, as evidenced by examples from the literature, researchers generally have not adopted this approach. Moreover, no study was found which explored the accomplishment to which consumers definitions of quality depend upon the product or service being considered. Another line of inquiry in the current study is whether consumers ev aluate quality onward and/or after purchasing a product or service ant, if so, how. Economists, who probably have contributed most to this topic, are divided into two groups. Wilde (1981) represents those who feel quality is a search attribute (i.e., quality perceptions are formed before purchase). Others (e.g., Hey and McKenna 1981), however, feel that perceptions of quality are formed only after purchase and then quality is an experience attribute.Of the many issues relating to quality, consumer researchers seem to be most interested in how consumers evaluate quality. Most work has explored the effects of various cues and cue combinations on perceptions and evaluation of quality (Olson 1972, Olson 1977, and Monroe and Krishnan 1985). Recently, Gronroos (1984) and Parasuramen, et al. (1984) have developed conceptual motels of service quality and have identified possible determinants of perceived service quality. The fact that these are service quality motels suggests that the eva luation, as well as the definition, of quality is likely to be context-bound. Gronroos, however, has only tested his model with a sample of service business executives, and the Parasuramen, et al. motel is now being tested empirically. Therefore, considerable work must be done before a better understanding of the meaning and role of quality from the consumers perspective is achieved.ATTITUDE TOWARDS PRIVATE UNIVERSITYAs a purpose of the study, we examine the information integration process by which consumers form Attitudes toward Private University (APU). As per cognitive process of consumer decision- making, consumers combine some of their knowledge, meanings, and beliefs for choosing private university to form an overall evaluation. These considered beliefs might be formed by interpretation processes or activated from memory.All Beliefs about Private UniversityThe pretest is conducted to identify the salient beliefs towards private university. Convenience sample of 26 students fro m North South University and East West University have been provided a survey question asking the attributes they consider to perceive the quality of private university.

Combatting Environmental Racism

masses forrader Profit Combatting Environmental Racism After years of protests, court cases, deaths and stereotypes, the accomplished rights movement finally helped create equality in the United States and the saying in the Declaration of Independence, All men be created Equal, finally had meaning. besides non all communities argon created equal. Those communities inhabited by the poor and minorities are more degraded, less powerful and less protected. The government engages in environmental racial discrimination against the people living in these communities, putting their health and safety at risk.The profit maximizing mindset of western companies is putting profits before people, endangering lives and communities rough the world and should be corrected before more people face the consequences. Environmental racism refers to any policy, practice, or directive that differentially affects or disadvantages (whether measuredly or not) individuals, groups, or communities base d on race or color(90). As more and more countries shift to capitalism, humans are becoming increasingly greedy, selfish, and profit-maximizing bes.We are completely disregarding the cost to personality and each other the only green we care around is the dollar. Individuals in power are taking advantage of minorities and placing unhealthful waste, landfills and polluting factories on their communities in order for them to save costs. Minorities such as blacks and Latinos are perceived as being weak and motionless to government related actions. They are too scared to fight the government in fear that it pull up stakes put their jobs in jeopardy and increase their frugal burden. According to research by Dr.Deborah Robinson, third out of five Afri force out Americans in the United States live in communities with uncontrollable toxic waste sites. Also, three of the five largest commercial hazardous waste landfills are located in African American and Latino communities. People s ubmit to take notice that environmental racism is also a form of racial oppression. It is the same product in different packaging. The people living in these communities suffer shorter life spans, higher(prenominal) infant and adult mortality, poor health, poverty, diminished economic opportunities, substandard housing and an overall degraded quality of life. Also, studies have shown that long-term exposure to air contaminant or toxic waste can ca apply lower IQ on children. How can wholeness expect the poor to climb the class work and leave these slums if their IQ is being lowered by the environment that they are laboured to live in? Corporate greed is to blame for this problem. People moldiness take action to remove these dangerous plants and chemicals from these communities. Just because the poor are helpless does not mean we need to make their situation worst.The people nearly likely to be exposed to these dangerous chemicals are also the least likely to have medical damag es. There are just over four million uninsured Americans That 4 million is broken down into 33% Hispanics, 21% African Americans and 21% Asian and Pacific Islanders(92). 75% of people without insurance are minorities. These people are getting sick and cannot afford to pay for their healthcare costs so they are just dying by the masses. non only are we hurting the very poor with our bodied greed, solely we are also hurting nature.Environmental racism also encompasses nature. Toxic material is being dropped into our lakes and our air. A recent study has revealed that 40% of Americas rivers and 46% of Americas lakes are too polluted for fishing, swimming or aquatic life. One American produces over 3,285 pounds of hazardous waste. Our countries are deteriorating, species are becoming extinct we are destroying our planet and there are simple solutions to correct that can help alleviate these predicaments, but first, corporate greed needs to be exterminated.The corporate mindset needs to dislodge from Profits before people to People before profits. It is simple companies need to move their factories from those areas where people will be affected. No matter if they are black, Hispanic, Asians or whites, people are people, and one life is worth the same. There are millions of acres of desert land hundreds of miles from civilization that can be used to house those factories. Also, companies should start investing in more environmental friendly technologies for their factories in order to decrease pollution and toxic waste.If the entire world lived like the average American, we would need 5 planets to set up enough resources. Yes, investment in green technology is costly, but it is worth it. First of all, because it leads to a cleaner and more sustainable planet. Second, because the communities near the plants would not be at risk and third, because it saves money for the companies. It is a heavy short-term investment that provides long-term results. It is good for the environment and for the companies as it saves them money. Take for example Pepsi. Pepsi makes Walkers potato chips in England.Martyn Seal, the director of sustainability watches the clouds of steam rise from his office and all he sees is lost resources and lost money. To solve this, he and his team developed a manufacturing process that will allow them to suck water out of potatoes and even unplug the plant from the public water system. Potatoes are composed of 80% water, so they could use this captured water to clean the equipment, wash the potatoes and even irrigate the plants outside the factory. It is estimated that this method could save them more than $1 dollars a year.Companies need to start following Pepsis initiative and help conserve our planet. When companies shift their views to People before Profits, they will finally be morally aware of the damages they are causing to not only nature but also the people living in these communities. The problem of environmental rac ism is also due to the trans field power and the outcome of the mobility of these global corporations that are exploiting workers. Economic integration has facilitated the movement of goods and services across national borders.Firms are becoming more and more powerful to nations. Their mobility has made it accomplishable for them to seek the greatest profit, the least government regulations, and the best tax incentives, anywhere in the world. This is what creates environmental racism, if the proletariats does not accept a low waged job with environmental health risks, the mobility of the firm will allow it to relocate and find labor in another part of the world that has loser government regulations, oppressing those people instead.They are being forced to live under these conditions in order to put food on their familys table. Another reason why environmental racism is occurring is due to lower environmental standards abroad. Luckily, the United States is passing stricter environ mental regulations such as Title IV which prohibits discriminatory practices in programs receiving federal funds anda law that set policy goals for the protection, maintenance and enhancement of the environment(91). These stricter laws have caused a downsizing of US operations and an expansion of operations across national borders.Large polluting firms that can no longer lock up in the United States due to strict sanctions are without delay moving to third world countries where they can operate as these countries are in much need of capital and hence have lower environmental standards. The problem is not being reduced but rather passing on from one country to the next. For example, there are 2,000 maquiladoras in the US-Mexico border operated by American, Japanese and other foreign countries. The maquiladoras dump their toxic wastes into the river, from which 95 percent of the regions residents get their drinking water(95).These corporations are making top profits, while poor comm unities in Mexico are forced to low-wage jobs and environmental health threats. There is no right to know law in Mexico, so both workers and communities are denied information about the toxins to which they are exposed. These companies are degrading the environment and also they are keeping the toxic waste stored in Mexico, which should be returned to the US by law. This is just one example of how corporate mobility and lower standards abroad are leading to a higher degree of environmental racism.The profit maximizing mindset of western companies is putting profits before people, endangering lives and communities around the world and should be corrected before more people face the consequences. To combat against environmental degradation and racism one needs to change the governmental policies regarding these issues. Governments need to engage in globalization from below, a global civil society that seeks to extend ideas of moral, legal and environmental accountability to those now acting on behalf of the state, market and media.Countries with loose environmental laws need to place tougher conditions in place, and although they might lose revenue, they will free their people from environmental slavery. They need to realize that a life is worth more than a dollar bill. The United Nations needs to get involved helping these third world countries that do not have other options but to allow these companies into their countries. Tougher sanctions are desperately needed. Grassroots groups are fighting back and winning. They are forming alliances, coalitions, networks and collaborations that stretch across the chunk(95).Environmental justice is needed, barriers need to be taken down and borders crossed. We cannot let our people live under these degrading conditions fearing for their own health and the lives of their children. Works Cited 11 Facts about Pollution. Environmental Racism. N. p. , n. d. Web. 2 Nov. 2011. . Air Pollution. National Institute of Environm ental Health Sciences (NIEHS). N. p. , n. d. Web. 4 Nov. 2011. . Brecher, Jeremy. Globalization From Below . Third World Traveler. N. p. , n. d. Web. 4 Nov. 2011. . Deming, Alison Hawthorne, and Lauret E. Savoy. The colors of nature culture, identity, and the natural world. Rev. ed. Minneapolis, Minn. Milkweed Editions, 2011. Print. Robinson, Dr Deborah M.. Environmental Racism. The WCC. N. p. , n. d. Web. 4 Nov. 2011. . Why sustainability is winning over CEOs. Vancouver Sun. N. p. , n. d. Web. 3 Nov. 011. . 1 . Air Pollution. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). N. p. , n. d. Web. 4 Nov. 2011. . 2 . 11 Facts about Pollution. Environmental Racism. N. p. , n. d. Web. 2 Nov. 2011. . 3 . Ibid. 4 . Why sustainability is winning over CEOs. Vancouver Sun. N. p. , n. d. Web. 3 Nov. 2011. . 5 . Robinson, Dr Deborah M.. Environmental Racism. The WCC. N. p. , n. d. Web. 4 Nov. 2011. .

Four Theoretical Approaches to Metaphysics Essay

at that place are four theoretical blastes to the metaphysics and they include Dualism and the theory that what exists on can do so on two levels the physical or the mental. The next approach is Materialism which theorizes that everything exists on a physical level. Then there is the Idealism approach which states that everything that exists is mental or spiritual. Fin each(prenominal)y, there is Alternative Views which theorizes that what exists in neither mental nor spiritual but believed that what exists is both, which means that what exists is neutral.In the Materialism theory of metaphysics it is said that everything is make of some kind of structure that are now called atoms. These atoms are governed entirely by physical laws and are thought to make up everything that we know and see. There were and are still many men in the scientific community that feel this way, but the most pronounced one was named Thomas Hobbes. Hobbes implied clearly that all things are made of material particles and that all change reduces to motion. (cite) His theory states that everything is matter in motion to include an individuals thought process.Hobbes goes into detail virtually how this process works and called it perception or sense. His way of describing it is the fact that things lay down different properties and that the properties do not really exist. The properties of an object are based on what we perceive them to be. We perceive a rosiness to be beautiful, smell nice, and have red pedals. Those properties according to Hobbes are all based on perception and the rose does not actually have any of these traits. The things that really are in the world outside us are those motions by which these seemings are caused. (cite) Hobbes describes perception as motion from the outside effects the motion of the inside of a person. The motion on the outside affected the motion on the inside and leaves a pertinacious effect after the motion is complete or dispersed thusly th e motion that remains behind on the inside is left as a memory. The motion that is still on the inside is a perception and in turn is the root cause for thinking, imagination, and memory. As humans we describe this reaction by assigning words to these perceptions and Hobbes labeled that as reasoning.The way that people reason is nothing sort of adding and subtracting of the consequences of general names. (cite) The easiest way that this can be explained would be to reboot it to a computer. The hard drive is considered as the movement on the inside and the keyboard and mouse as the outside. The hard drive is made up of a phonograph record and magnet and works by taking the disc and spinning is around at a rapid pace. Next the magnet is moved around to encode the data to the hard drive. This whole process is done through movement and if stationary there is nothing that can be done to retrieve or store information.First to store or retrieve information an external source of movemen t needs to happen. Movement from the outside was represented as a keyboard and mouse. The keyboard and mouse which is movement from the outside affects the hard drive which is the movement from the inside and vice versa. Now that movement has been represented the reasoning of information needs to be considered. Now we understand what movement effect movement means we can now address the fact of reasoning and perception. All of the information that the computer takes in needs to go somewhere and needs to be retrieved again.The computer makes sense of all the data by assigning numbers to all of the data so that it can be retrieved again. This aspect would be considered our perception which is reasoning which as Hobbes stated before is our thinking, memory, and imagination. Now some people would argue that Hobbes theory does not take into accounts decision making and other voluntary actions, but he does go into detail active how that process works. Hobbes addresses the finer points of the decision process by stating that every decision or movement starts of as an endeavor which was caused by perception.He then breaks it down even into two groups consisting of believe and aversion. When the endeavor is toward something then it is considered a desire and when it is away it is considered an aversion. We associate desire and aversion with words like love and hate or good and bad. So according to Hobbes the prefatory principle of our decision making is like a magnet. Lets look at the magnet that is in the computer and affects the hard drive. Sometimes data can be corrupted and the information will not take to the hard drive.The process of corrupt data being entered from the outside can be considered as an aversion. Now any information that the system lets in can be considers as desire. If that did not make sense then lets look at a magnet in general. A magnet has a positive and a negative side. Anything that is attracted to the positive side can be considered a des ire and anything that is repelled by the negative side can be considered an aversion. In the recent years there has been some advancements in technology that allows us to uncover the mysteries of the universe.Scientists have found matter that is smaller than atoms and they are calling them subatomic particles. It has been discovered that these particles make up every aspect of the universe and are comprised of some graphic symbol of energy that is connected with everything else. After this discovery a lot of scientists are rattled about their theory and if Materialism is really the right type of metaphysical theory to go with. However, this does not completely rule this theory out it just seems like that needs to some changes or tweaks to the way that we think about Materialism.

Global Inequalities Essay

Global inequality generally means that the total income and wealth is public exposure out unevenly across the world. Almost half of the work (3 billion people) live on less that $2.50 per day, and the majority of these people love in highly poor countries. Theres a pattern to show that the least developed countries lie in Africa compared to the rest of the world, save there are double reasons for this situation The Conflict Trap, The Natural Resource Trap, The Landlocked with Bad Neighbours Trap, and The Poor Governance in a Small Country Trap. I pull up stakes c overleap about each reason in order according to which i believe are most important.Poor governance in a elflike solid ground is one of the important reasons as to why we have many global inequalities around the world. This is because a poor, corrupted politics try to discourage international Companies to locate in their country in order to avoid any wealth organism taken out of their economy. This prevents peoples chances of having a job and earning a mend income for a stable lifestyle. Economic isolation leads to a country existence globally isolated, this is difficult as everyone is reliant on their government to bring income, however this cant happen because TNCs are discouraged. In addition to this, even if a stable government was to take over, its extremely difficult to get the economy and takes on average 52 years.The second most important factor i believe, is the landlocked with bad neighbours trap. This is because 38% of the poorest countries are landlocked, with the majority of them being in Africa. This is because if you are a coastal country, then you have the freedom to change over with anyone around the world, however when you are landlocked, you are only able to trade with your begun outing countries. However, some countries such as Switzerland and Austria have managed to cope with the issue, implying that a being landlocked is just a potential contributing factor to being economically unequal. A solution for this is to encourage remittances so encourage some people to emigrate to earn money then send it back main office to family for it then to be spent in their economy. This can slowly helpstrengthen the economy.I believe the next most important factor would be the conflict trap. Because feel oped nations have had their civil wars in the past however they have managed to release themselves of the unfortunate cycle, however some of the poorest nations generally get detain in the violent cycle, and any money generated is instantly spent on weaponry. These poorest countries have a substantial amount of young men, who eventually end up turning to crime and recruit into rebel groups because they have nothing else to do, so they have nothing to lose. There is a huge correlation between didactics and crime, because these men are less educated, the crime is higher. There is also a further correlation between civil unrest and the wealth of a country, ma sking that the less wealth a country has, the more civil unrest there is.Finally, the last contributing factor to global inequalities is the raw materials trap. This is when a country only has one type of raw material and are extremely reliant on this source to provide their countrys wealth, so they lack diversity. This is a very risky method because the resources are generally non-renewable and the reliance is so high, meaning that if it fails or runs out then they will be in a poor, failing economic state. They will lose all income and wont be able to afford any imports from other countries, so they will not be able to provide necessities for their country.In conclusion to this essay, i believe that the poor governance in a small country is the main contributing factor to global inequalities, because i believe that every country has the potential to regain the strength in their economy, but with a corrupt government that generally keep money for themselves.

Feminism in Literature Essay

Feminism has gradu every(prenominal)y become much far-ranging and subtle in its blasts on manly-dominated society. Many injustices stable need to be corrected, but equally necessary is a more(prenominal) down-to-earth, tolerant and compassionate view of fellow human race beings. Introduction Many feminists dislike theory. Sharp intellectual categories, argumentation, seeming objectivity, and the whole tradition they grow out of atomic number 18 just what feminists be seeking to escape.And if their conclude seems unsystematic they can draw support from the psychoanalysis of Lacan and Julia Kristeva, fromDerridas deconstruction, and from Rortys view that philosophy should model itself on an edifying conversation seeking balancing rather than no-holds-barred gladiatorial combat. Androgynist Poetics Critics, being generally male, had not generally touch on themselves with gender issues. Most of the worlds great literature had been written by men. Sappho, Austen, the Brontes an d Emily Dickinson apart, it was difficult to think women really had it in them to write at the highest level.Literature was literature, and critics saw no need to distinguish a specifically feminine delegacy of writing or responding to a text. Virginia Woolf was herself a refutation of that thesis, though her mental breakdown was perhaps brought on by the strain of balancing male self-fulfillment with feminine abnegation. But in her essay Professions for Women, Woolf complained only that womens loving obligations hindered a writing career. Their lives gave them a polar perspective, but women were not fundamentally different from men in their psychological require and outlooks. GynocriticismThe gathering feminist movement very much disagreed, and argued that womens writing expressed a distinctive female consciousness, which was more discursive and conjunctive than its male counterpart. Such consciousness was radically different, and had been adversely treated. Simone de Beauvoir in The Second Sex documented the ways Legislators, priests, philosophers, writers and scientists receive striven to render that the subordinate position of women is leave aloneed in heaven and advantageous on earth. Women had been made to feel that they were inferior by nature and, though men paid lip-service to equality, they would balk its implementation.Some men might be sympathetic to womens issues, but only women themselves knew what they felt and wanted. And perhaps they always knew. The essays collected in Susan Cornillons 1972 anthology Images of Women in Fiction all suggested that nineteenth and twentieth century fiction was simply untrue to womens experience. Rather than search for the essentially feminine, critics now turned to the hearty context of womens writing, to the ways a male-orientated society had formed or deformed individual novels, plays and poems written by women.Adventure and romance, whoever written for, seemed to stress the male competitive element, and even the submissive partner of gay literature only imitated the female stereotype. Not all agreed, of course. Norman Mailers The Prisoner of Sex disliked the blanket criticism of Kate Millets Sexual Politics, arguing its examples were too selective chosen. Gynesis Nonetheless, by the early eighties, feminists had advanced to a much more confrontational attack on male hegemony, advocating a complete oerthrow of the biased (male) canon of literature.French feminists argued that women should write with a greater consciousness of their bodies, which would create a more honest and appropriate style of openness, fragmentation and non-linearity. Parallel studies in the visual arts stressed a feminine sensibility of soft fluid colours, an tension on the personal and decorative, and on forms that evoked the female genitalia. And the problem lay deeper still, in the language itself. Words had been coined to express a male point of view, and that was hence misogynist. Some 220 words ex ist in English for the sexually promiscuous muliebrity, but only 22 for promiscuous men.And in the sexual matters that really concerned them, the vocabulary was hopelessly restricted. Discourse was power, said Foucault, and psychoanalysts likeLacan and Kristeva stressed the liberating role that literature should play, particularly to allow the semiotic flux of the unconscious in early childhood, i. e. forrader the symbolic world of public discourse imposed its male-favouring rules. Poets worked on the boundaries of the two realms, and Kristeva urged them to engender political and feminist revolutions by dissolving the conventions of normal discourse.Gender speculation Five years later the debate had moved on, from exclusively feminine concerns to the wider issues of gender in social and cultural contexts. Patriarchy and capitalism should be examined more closely, perhaps as Althusser had attempted, and sophisticated models built to integrate the larger web of economics, education , division of labour, biological constraints and cultural assumptions. Michele Barrett demanded facts, research. How does gender stereotyping arise in various social contexts? How are the canons of literary excellence actually established?What is the practical effect on literature? Shouldnt we remember that attitudes are struck within a fictional framework, and cant be simply pulled out and convicted by a kangaroo court of feminist morals? Critique Literature will very much reflect the cultural assumptions and attitudes of its period, and that of course includes attitudes towards women their status, their roles, their expectations. But a literature doctored of male-orientated views would be failing in its offset requirement, to present a realistic or convincing picture of the world.Moralizing, which includes political correctness, has its dangers. libbers have argued for positive discrimination as the only way to correct centuries of bias. Nonetheless, the consensus emerging amo ng black Americans is that positive discrimination is counter-productive. Disadvantaged minorities desperately need the odds levelled, but not patronizingly tilted in their favour. Psychoanalysis has little scientific standing, and Lacanian theory is further disputed within the psychoanalytic community itself.Feminism does itself few favours by relying on these supports. A more damaging criticism is the concept of the feminine itself. Does it really exist? There are very real differences in the psychological make-up between the sexes, but testing also indicates what anthropologists have long accepted the expression of those differences is more pertinacious by cultural factors than sexuality per se. Feminists who argue for a more watching, fluid, and delicate attitude are not so much advocating qualities native to women but for attitudes still repressed by society.That in turn suggests society itself needs exploring rather than sex differences per se, which is indeed a view more recognized in coetaneous feminist studies. Feminist Literature Feminist literature, as the name suggests, is based on the principles of feminism, and refers to any literary work that centers around the struggle of a woman for equality, and to be accepted as a human being, before being cast into a gender stereotype. Not all these works follow a direct approach towards this goal of equality. It is only through such media that women believed a change was possible in the way they were perceived in society.Not all feminist literature has been written by women, but also by men who understood women beyond the roles they were expected to fit into, and delved into their psyche to understand their needs and desires. Some works may be fictional, while others may be non fictional. Here, we take a look into the characteristics of feminist literature, and give you a list of some(a) of the umpteen works of feminist literature, that make for a good read if you truly desire to learn extensively ab out this form of writing and what it stood for.Characteristics of Feminist Literature Feminist literature is identified by the many characteristics of the feminist movement. This will help you understand exactly what is feminist literature. Authors of feminist literature are known to understand and explain the difference between sex and gender. They believe that though a persons sex is predetermined and natural, it is the gender that has been created by society, along with a particular perception about gender roles. Gender roles, they believe, can be altered over time.The predominance of one gender over the other, is a common concept across almost all societies, and the fact that it is not in favor of women is an underlying, yet blatant, characteristic of feminist or womens literature. Here, it is argued that any society that does not provide channels of learning and knowledge to both genders equally is not a complete and impartial society. Critics argue that on that point wasnt mu ch difference between male and female authors, and that there was no need to identify a separate class of literature termed as feminist or look for traces of feminism in literature.However, if you read any such work, you will realize how such writers criticized societys andocentric (male-centered) approach, and tried to understand the beliefs and needs of the opposite sex with a subjective, and not an objective, approach. Take for example Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice. The protagonist, Elizabeth Bennett was a woman of her mind. Despite the societal pressure (put on her by her mother) to choose a partner, and to lead a life that was decided for all women, she decided to choose her own path towards what she wanted.And none of this was blatantly approached. She did not put an outward fight, in order to choose her life course. The entire piece of work is subtle, and the only clear characteristic of the protagonist you will bank note is her assertiveness. And that is one clear charac teristic of the feminist approach toward literature. Women in literature of the feminist nature are always featured as the protagonist, who, more much than not, do not readily accept the traditional role of women as decided by society.They are ready to make their own decisions, to express this selection of personal decision-making, and are ready to deal with the consequences of these choices, actions, and decisions. Though a daughter, a mother, a sister, or a wife, any piece of feminist literature first deals with a woman as a woman. It is not these relationships, roles, or stereotypes that give these female characters in literature their identity. Their identity is defined by their choices and their beliefs which are therefore associated with these roles.It is important to note, that, not all works of feminist literature have happy endings, both for the character, and for the author of the work. Women have been ostracized by society for openly demanding equality, and have had to face several negative consequences of their decision to go against the waves. Not only feminist literature, women have been treated as important subjects even in many literary works by men. For instance, Henrik Ibsen, a Norwegian author and playwright, often focused on women, womens issues, their troubles faced by society, and the decisions they made based on their personal values and beliefs.If you take a look at the play called A Dolls House, by this very same author, you will clearly notice the strength and character of the protagonist. Not all, but some pieces of feminist literature (particularly non-fiction) showcase and stress on womens suffrage and a demand for equality in society, for political, social, and economic rights. In modern feminist literature, the attack on a male-dominated society became more forthright and straightforward, where women demanded a nearer look into the patriarchal and capitalistic approach towards feminism.

Impact of External and Internal Factors on the Four Functions of Management

Impact of extraneous and Internal Factors on the Four Functions of Management External and internal factors such as internationalization, engineering, innovation, diversity and morals digest greatly impact the four functions of charge. Functions such as planning, organizing, leading, and haughty can be influenced by these different internal and external factors since shapings need to ensure that they atomic number 18 addressed properly for business success. In addition, knowing the external and internal factors help organizations in identifying the business risks that exist in the environment in which they operate.This paper allow for focus on fall in internal representation, a non-profit community-based organization that was initi all(prenominal)y found in communities, large and small, across the coupled States. Globalization Globalization has invoked extensive debate over its impact and credibility, large rise to a number of perspectives. Indeed increased globalization has prompted remark competent economic growth or so the world. It has led to subscriber line opportunities in making the products that be ex diverged with different countries. This has produced specialization and comparative advantage.The supply of foreign competition has encouraged domestic industries to innovate and it has allowed resources to flow to their highest engross as well. Further, globalization is the serve up that increased the link and interdependence of the world markets and businesses. It is a route of interaction and integration of the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process motivated by international trade and investment and aided by in systema skeletaleation technology. The bulk of world trade has increased due to globalization.Consequently, more than jobs are being available to people and consumers all over the world are enjoying a wider selection of products made from different countries. Today, joined commission does non only serve in strengthening families, helping children and youth, and building stronger communities topical anestheticly. Aside from its 1300 local anaesthetic organizations in the States, it has besides 3000 organizations in 47 countries. Due to globalization, fall in Way is able to tap not only the local communities but the international communities as well.The organization is able to help different nations by means of United Way International. As of 2008, United Way International started new United Ways in some move of India, Brazil, Peru, France, Argentina and Johannesburg, South East Asia, Latin America and South Africa. (United Way International, 2008). United Way raises sources through donations to be able to help people in need in different countries. Globalization has thusly impacted the four functions of United Way management since the organization now call for to consider incuring the budget and business plans for a global organization.United Ways Founding Co mmittee discusses quarrels of what whitethorn germ up during this process. The committee chooses members that will oversee the board and hires the director and the first management team who will spearhead during the changes due to globalization. Planning, organizing, leading, and controlling an organization that serves a bigger area need to implement changes in its conventional way of doing things to ensure that the same quality services are provided in all the countries that it serves. technology Technology impacts management and business decisions on multiple levels.During the December 1999 Conference of the Alliance for Nonprofit Management, executive director Director Roni Posner states Technology is the backbone of management and organizational effectiveness. It equips people with data and information that can be then synthesized into learning and knowledge and, this knowledge is what gives organizations more powerful voices in, and greater impact on, community changethe ul timate goal of nonprofit capacity building. (Osten, 2001, para. 1). The United Way implements technological plans to remain competitive with fundraising and accounting, pop the question management and community services.To improve management of accounting and fundraising practices, nearly 200 United Way organizations are opting to use judicious Softwares MIP origin Accounting application (Sage Software, 2005). MIP Fund Accounting is designed to ease reporting and transaction management for nonprofits. With this system, chart of accounts are easily created with transaction tracking capabilities. Reports are generated within the program and reporting cycles are significantly shortened by hours or even days. MIP Fund Accounting is user-friendly and easy-to-learn, with grouped tasks according to accounting functions (Sage MIP fund accounting, n. . ). In addition to incorporating technology to manage multiple account funds, United Way is developing new technologies to garner donor con tributions. Donations are the economic capital United Way relies on to provide quality services in their respective(prenominal) communities. Thus, United Way must be creative in its pursuits to compete with other nonprofits for this income stream. One operable solution was the creation of the United eWay Consortium. The consortium, founded by Phoenixs Valley of the Sun United Way, allows participate United Way agencies to create customized Web sites for online pledging.This system eliminates the use of paper pledges and manipulates donation tracking insouciant for both United Way organizations and gifting firms (Wallace, 2001). Cash donations are not the only gifts needed by United Way to meet its organizational goals. Human resource donations or volunteers are a significant character of the United Way contributeforce. Technology was again utilized by the nonprofit to meet managerial needs. A local United Way agency in Indiana launched an online matchmaking site to connect vol unteers with giving opportunities.Volunteer Solutions is a medium used by area helping agencies to post their volunteer openings on the site. Potential volunteers cash register on the site and search for possible positions by their zip code, area of stakes or agency name. When a match is found, volunteers are then notified. During the first week of its inception, Volunteer Solutions matched approximately 40 volunteers to local nonprofits (Davis, 2003). Not only does the United Way use technology to enhance business operations, the nonprofit also employs technology to better serve its constituents. United Way of Metropolitan Atlanta and its partnerspiloted an electronic benefits calculator, a gumshoe that streamlines the eligibility and enrollment process for federal, state and community benefits (United Way of America, n. d. , pg. 11). Over a two-year period, awards for benefits increased by $453,000. Technology is an essential tool used by United Way to increase efficiency and apportioning of resources, generate donor contributions and expand community services. Without the use of technology, United Way and its benefactors would not reap the benefits of its proceed success as a dominant nonprofit organization.Innovation Innovation is important for an organization to succeed in its endeavor. For a non-profit organization same(p) United Way, innovation is significant in order to find more ship canal to help and serve communities in need better. Innovation can greatly impact the four functions of management since innovation needs to be considered in all functions of management to improve and advance the ways and means of United Way in serving people. Diversity Diversity is variety of something, such as opinion, race, color, style and or gender (Diversity, 2008, n. . ) In order for a company or organization to be diverse it needs to value diversity by respecting and appreciating all aspects of an individual, including race, gender, religion, skin color, na tionality, sexual orientation, gender identity, somatic abilities, age, parental status to name a few. That is what The United Way of America stands on and strives for. United Way is built up of all different walks of life and in order for the non-profit organization to be able to strive everyone must be able to get along and work well with separately other.To direct sure the organization stays diverse, United Way of America has formed a Diversity footlocker to eliminate discrimination. United Way is made up of all types of individuals from every walk of life to form their cabinets, their volunteers and their customers. United Ways Core Value statement is Diversity and Inclusion are centerfield set for United Way. We aspire every segment of the community in every aspect of our work and to demonstrate our commitment to and accountability for an inclusive environment in which differences are recognized, respected, valued and celebrated (United Way, 2008, n. . ). United Way also feels that its inclusive and diverse organization gives the organization the opportunity to actively live and get its mission and values to attract, develop and return more diverse talent. It also helps the organization to grow and strain its base of support from volunteers, donors and other stakeholders. Diversity also helps the United Way to model, facilitate and lead the collaborative efforts needed to experience changes in community conditions. It is also a way to become innovative and develop better solutions leading to better exercise and results.In addition, diversity enhances the organizations reputation and brand in the philanthropic community and global market place (Live United, 2008, n. p. ). United Way does not care if an individual is someone who wants to be a volunteer or one of the organizationboards/committees or someone who needs the help. United Way is here to help. ethics Code of Ethics in any organization is super important. Code of ethical motive deals wi th organizational values and principles and behaviors on what is and is not grateful.It helps to ensure people are treated equally and justly in all matters. United Way does have Code of ethics and it may differ according to each location. However all communities in which the organization is located is governed by the overall America Code of ethics that United Way has set forth (United Way of America Code of Ethics Guide, 2004). United Way code of ethics was created and discussed amongst the employees and volunteers and believe these codes will help the organization through the work that is encompassed each day.United Way code of ethics is based on core values which are integrity, impact, volunteerism, inclusiveness and catalytic leadership In addition, the organization believes that the staff will be able to make great decisions that are legal and binding when ethical codes are set forth. Code of Ethics from United Way Association (UWA) (United Way of America Code, 2004) also en sures own(prenominal) and professional integrity. UWA is motivated in performance to meet the mission. In addition, UWA believes communication is a powerful source when used effectively. Equal Opportunity is some other important factor governed under the Code of Ethics.UWA believes conflict of interest could degrade the organization and should refrain from personal gain to include gifts that does not relate to the mission. To include, UWA no one should be family committed or dating within the organization because it is believed that it affects the appearance of impartiality. Confidentiality and privacy is believed to be handled at a professional level in the UWA organization by respecting the privacy rights of individuals and to make sure information is not disclosed. United Way is perpetrate to the highest ethical standards. It has an obligation to everyone to act ethically at all times.United Way believes that its continued success comes from everyone affiliated with the organi zation who lives by the code of ethics. United Way came up with their code of ethics by collaborating with their employees, volunteers and anyone else with interest (United Way of America Code, 2004). Holding an organization to a high ethical standard will continuously set the organization apart from other organizations. The United Way is such a highly esteemed organization due to the implementation of its code of ethics. direction in Managing the Impacts of External and Internal FactorsManagers can use delegation to manage the impact that the factors have on the four functions of management by ensuring that the process of delegation is done well. One person can not run the show all on his/her own. Delegation plays a huge role in getting the job done successfully. In order to make this happen there must be a clear plan of action. All parties have to be informed as to what duties they are responsible for and how those duties must be carried out. There must be clarity that suppor ts how the responsibilities will be completed and if support from other team members is needed for that completion.These things must bediscussed in the planning and or organization stages. There has to be contingency plans and structure to any project in which a manager is delegating responsibilities. Delegation of responsibilities, projects, duties or tasks can be a double-edged sword. In order for a manager to manage effectively it has to be used with finesse. The parties that a manager delegates tasks should be responsible and trustworthy. While it is not always possible to do so, it is important to implement accountability to each team responsible for every task.Delegation will only work if the manager who is delegating also does his/her job properly. Follow-up and constructive feedback is important for the delegation process to be effective. Conclusion The external and internal factors can indeed impact the four functions of management. As observed in the United Way organizatio n, globalization, technology, innovation, diversity and ethics can affect planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of its organization. While globalization has helped United Way in serving other countries in need it has also impacted the four functions of management. Considerations now need to be done in a larger scale.The four functions of management have to be done in a global scale with the same standards as the organization has locally. Technology impacts the four functions of management on multiple levels. victorian planning on what technology to use, organizing the people who needs to spearhead the use of new technologies, leading and controlling the people who will be involved in the use of different technologies need to be considered. If these are not done, the effectiveness of the technologies that the organization uses may not be fully maximized. Innovation impacts the four functions of management since innovation needs to be considered in ll functions of management to improve and advance the ways and means of United Way in serving people. Diversity can also impact the functions of management since most organizations like United Way has diverse employees that can affect the decisions that are involved in planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of its organization. Ethics can also impact the four functions of management since an organization cannot create good credibility without acceptable code of ethics. Thus, it is essential that internal and external factors are considered when using the four functions of management.References Davis, A. M. (2003, August 18). Technology connects volunteers local United Way launches online matchmaking service. Indianapolis Business Journal, 24(23), 3, 60. Retrieved family line 14, 2008, from Gale PowerSearch database. Diversity. (2008). In Encarta World English Dictionary Online. Retrieved kinfolk 14, 2008 from Live United United Way Diversity and inclusion. (2008). Retrieved folk 14, 2008 from Oste n, M. (2001, May). Technology and nonprofit management Themes from the host of the alliance for nonprofit management. Nonprofit Online News.Retrieved September 14, 2008, from http//news. gilbert. org/features/featureReader$3842? print-friendly=true Sage MIP fund accounting. (n. d. ) In Sage Software. Retrieved September, 14, 2008, from http//www. sagenonprofit. com/products/fundaccount/ Sage Software continues to attract United Way organizations. (2005, August-September). The National Public Accountant, 4(4), 19. Retrieved September 14, 2008, from Gale PowerSearch database. United Way International. 2008. ex officio website of United Way International. Retrieved September 14, 2008 from http//uwint. org/devfinal/ United Way of America. n. d. ). Goals for the common good The United Way challenge to America. Retrieved September 14, 2008, from http//www. liveunited. org/goals/upload/UW_Common_Good. pdf United Way of America Code of Ethics Guide. (2004). In United Way. Retrieved Septem ber 14, 2008 from United Way United Way of Greater Los Angeles Creating Pathways Out of Poverty. (2008). In United Way Los Angeles. Retrieved September 14, 2008 from Wallace, N. (2001, April 5). Technology New online option for United Ways. Chronicle of Philanthropy, 13(12), 36. Retrieved September 13, 2008, from EBSCOhost database.

M Analysis

Introduction tag & Spencer is a British retailer with oer 800 stores in to a greater extent than 30 countries around the world. It is the rotundst habiliment retailer in the UK, as well as cosmos a forage retailer. Most of its domestic stores sell both clothing & food, and since the year2000 label & Spencer throw off started to expand into other ranges such(prenominal) as home wargons, furniture & technology. mark & Spencer became the first British retailer to work on a pre-tax profit of over ? billion BBC News on root 1998 Though a hardly a(prenominal) years later attach & Spencer were fall uponby the credit crunch which has had a dramatic stamp on the club as they struggle in the actual economical climate. M&S is a successful company. In macro-environment, M&S obeys the government and protects the natural environment. Moreover, M&S is influenced by the factors of economic, social, and scientific to make its stage business concern strategies. On the other hand, in micro-environment, the M&S has created a good and semipermanent relationship with the suppliers and guests.From the SWOT analysis, the virtually important factor for M&S is to satisfy customer needs. On the other hand, the main disadvantage is the lack of clothing market class that causes M&S to drift off its speck aw beness among the existing customers. The significant strategies of M&S argon cr eating electromotive force customers and maintaining the existing customers. To tote up up, the analysis of M&S has found that its business structures follow the trend of society, economise the position in the market, and summation its potential market share. MissionThe mission of the M&S is to make as last fictional character accessible to all. tag & Spencer is a leading British retailer of clothing, food and household goods. They prefer to presage themselves Marks & Spencer, using an ampersand instead of the word and. Their logo is a style form of the characters M&S. They c onstitute a Plan A for tackling environmental issues because there is no plan B. M&S let outlines its inwardness business as clothing and Food. Its financial objectives is to deliver shareholder value in harm of make up returns, only when too in name of increase sales and market share in retailing.It beliefs and value are outlined as Our customers continue to see Marks & Spencer as the place to wander for exceptional food, produced to exacting standards. M&S also sees its workforce as an important part of its plan and also considers modern its stores as a key corporate objective. Vision The raft of the M&S is to be the standard against which all others are measured. They sells clothes, food and home wares at more(prenominal) than 650 stores in Britain and about three hundred shops abroad, said it expected to achieve annual benefits of around 250 one thousand gazillion pounds by 2015-2016 from upgrading its supply chain and randomness technology systems.They will sup ply chain and IT improvements. The improvements will embroil shrinking the firms net profit of 100 warehouses, which are run by third parties, to just four. And also to revamp its website and said it would expand its business abroad, including at least 50 stores in India over five years. They have established a long- precondition vision for where we want to take the business which they believe will create long-term sustainable growth. At the warmness of this vision is moving the business from being product focused, store centric and UK dominated to being customer focused, multi-channel and outside(a).M would conduct a review of its UK store network in the light of fast-growing online retail sales, with time to come mod store likely to be offset at least in part by closures. They plan to cutting prices, stepping up promotions and introducing new products, add 800 new lines to sustain the recent improvement, including extending a tally to sell a small number of spots. They thin k the strong growth potential in children unchurch and footwear as well as home wares. PESTLE Political FactorsThe government sets regulations for companies to abide by such as Health & Safety British Standards such as, planning for hazard identification, risk judging and riskcontrol. If companies do non abide by these regulations they will be fined or even in some cases be forced to close down. Marks & Spencer did non abide by the British Standards as they were charged for neglecting health & safety regulations after a doorfell on an employee. George Blair was allegedly injure after a warehouse door in their store near Glasgow was left hanging on loose fixtures.Marks are alleged to have ignored repair requests, allowing the door to fall in to disrepair. Marks & Spencer pled not guilty to this there is still no outcome of this trial. Also accord to BBC News thirtieth January 2006 Marks & Spencer would be the first major retailer to go down the middling-trade route on both clo thing and food. The fair-trade policy, which they have launched will include, cut salt and fat in M foods, recycled packaging and puppet welfare protection. Marks & Spencer Chief Stuart Rose tell, Customers want good value, but they care more than incessantly how food and clothing products are made.Economical Factors Currently the economic outlook is very uncertain and this is more than likely to affect retail sales, as people do not have the spare immediate payment to spend on luxury items such as clothing and food luxuries. Marks & Spencer have been hit by this and have recently closed a number of stores and have had to make job cuts of 2% of their 70,000 staff. And also to show what affect the recession has had, they took the decision to have two days of 20% discounts in the run-up to Christmas.They have also recently introduced a 20% of all Wine and Champagne to oblige up with their competitors. Marks & Spencer have had to change the way they market themselves so that they can try and confront ahead of the recession. Sociological factors In the stand firm few years society has changed. In 2006 as stated by the Guardian, ChiefExecutive of Marks & Spencer Stuart Rose wanted to stretch the company brand, for instance he considered selling food online as part of a plan to contract a multi-channel retailer, this was obviously to keep up with the competitive market such as Asda.Asda and Marks & Spencer appeal to different markets in terms of social class and other demographics this has a major influence on the way they respond to current issues. In response to the current cheap clothing industry supermarkets have increasely over the last few years caught up with fashion trends, helping them to rival the last street clothing stores with their slight expensive versions. Marks & Spencer is no exception to this and they have bought their clothing ranges up to date to keep up with the latest trends and to keep their customers interested.Consumer purchases a re influenced by cultural, social, personal and psychological characteristics. For the mostpart, marketers cannot control such factors, but they must(prenominal) take them into pecker. Technological Factors Technology is vital in the retail market. Companies must manage their brand scare. First the brands position must be continuously publishd to consumers. Major brand marketers often spend broad amounts on advertising to create brand awareness and to build preference and loyalty.For Marks & Spencer to continuously communicate to consumers they need to be heavily into advertising, which they are. They have Celebrity icon Class as the Face of Marks & Spencer who appears on the adverts on the TV and she is also on their website model the M clothing, so their adverts appeal to women not only in their 20s but also to the more mature lady so they are covering all areas with their advertising campaign. Also theirwebsite is very appealing with bright and very diffuse to use, it is als o constantly updated with the new M brands. Legal Factors Legislations are always changing.Marks and Spencer carry out re-training & update every year, they keep up to date with new laws or legislations, and with issues regarding Health & Safety they also take care that their legal protection is updated. Forre-training Marks & Spencer invite business changes to the business, tax changes to the business & products changes amongst many other things. Marks & Spencer invite objectives/methods that need to be changed and new training, and also on going development. An example of legislation is the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act (1996) Provided for the regulation of packaging and labeling of consumer goods.Requires that manufacturers state what the package contains, who made it, and how much it contains. Here is an example from Marks & Spencers website to show that they are adhere to this legislation, Packaging helps to protect the product between being produced and used by the custome r. It prevents product wastage, carries important instructions and information on ingredients and helps the product look its scoop up in the store. milieual Factors With the current environmental climate as it stands, issues are being promoted quotidian on the television, in magazines and newspapers and on the radio.All companies, industries and organizations are being pressured to change their ways when it comes to the materials they use and how they manufacture. Marks & Spencer have established their own Green Policy which they call Plan A The chief executive ofMarks & Spencer states that it is called this because there is no Plan B. Marks has today announced a 100-point five-year plan to re-engineer itself to become a carbon neutral, zero-waste-to-landfill, ethical-trading, sustainable-sourcing, health-promoting business SWOT 3. 1 Strengths 3. 1. 1 High QualityHigh quality is the major potential that makes M successful. Customers always find high quality goods such as fresh fruits, vegetables, and other high-performance goods in M food hall (Ciao, 2002). With many people turning to eat vegetarian meals. M grasps the consumers need. M has high quality of products that are the food and other products, such as baby products and women under wears. 3. 1. 2 Customer Services M has high reputation for focusing on customer service. (Christie, 2002). This is one of the most important methods to make a good relationship between customers and M.For example, when women want to buy under wears for themselves, the shop assistants will help them to measure sizes and give them good suggestions. 3. 1. 3 Shopping Environment M tries to make customers feel more convenient and comfortable. It makes stores brighter, and uses modern designs (Rung 2001). All goods in the shop can be seen immediately. Furthermore, customers do not worry about being drowned in many shelves and avoiding multitudinous people. 3. 1. 4 Manager develop One of M strengths is its strict and excelle nt manager training system (Retail Technology,1999).Every manager of M must be familiar with duty of every post. In fact, managers of M are arranged practice of every post. It helps them to improve both work experiences and management skills. 3. 2 Weakness 3. 2. 1 Clothing Lack variance The clothing market of M has many segments. In fact, especially ladies outer wear, is outmoded design and cut. In addition, affluent younger consumers prefer purchasing brand-labels, such as Gap, Next and Top shop (Jobber, 2001 149). 3. 2. 2 Stock Control The non-performance of the home delivery/shopping service even sometimes involves wedding lists.Customers were told that items were out of stock (Jobber, 2001). Customers complain the defect of e-shopping and delivery services. To some extent, M suffers from the unbalance between the stock and discipline Technology System. 3. 2. 3 Waste Store Spaces Another problem is that M has many store spaces. In fact, it has added 75 percent of square foot ag e since the early Eighties, but its market share in clothing has not increased (Stewart, 2000). M needs to find some new products to stuff its tautologic spaces. 3. 3 Opportunities 3. 3. 1 Internet TechnologyInternet technology has developed fast, it offers an opportunity to increase the demand for the online products (Zakon, 1999). In terms of this circumstance, buying products online became a new trend. Customers are getting used to accept the model and adapt it to their casual lives, and the demand for this kind of products would be increased in the future. 3. 3. 2 Healthy Eating Healthy eating offers an opportunity that the demand of specific food will be increased (Leyshon, 2002). People pay wariness to the life quality, they request companies to offer varied products to satisfy their needs.For example, in the food market, M does good segmentation in providing the vegetarian, low fat or organic food. This is the advantage that the competitors have not aware of it. 3. 3. 3 Mar keting Extending The Company owned stores in the Republic of Ireland and Hong Kong and has 131 franchise stores in28 countries operating through a network of successful partnerships (Marks & Spencer, 2002d). In the future, the company will expand its business beyond the existing area. 3. 4 Threats Although M has its own strengths, opportunities and weaknesses, it still occurs some curses from itself and other competitors. . 4. 1 Strong Competitors Strong competitors are the most threat to M. For example, in the food market, there are four main supermarkets, such as Tesco, Asda, Safeway and Sainsbury (Oct, 2002). They provide not only high quality but also value-added products to build customers loyalty. In the clothing market, Gap, Next, Topshop and other in vogue(predicate) brands may compete with M (M shuts, 2001). 3. 4. 2 The Change of Social Environment Except other competitors, M will be influenced by social environment.Since the social environment changes at any time, the cu stomer tastes are also changed. For example, people move to other countries, and their culture will affect the topical anesthetic people lifestyles, such as eating, and dressing. M can adjust its products to satisfy different needs. 3. 4. 3 Chemical Pollution Environment pollution is a threat for M. An environmental systems manager of M claimed. Every one of the 30,000 product line that M sells is dependent on chemicals (Friend of the Earth,2002). Governments are taking measures to protect natural environment and reduce pollution.This potential risk will affect its development of M in the future. Invest strategy Focusing on improving its operations to save costs, expanding the options for customers to buy products especially online and driving its business outside of the U. K. The U. K. s biggest plane section store operator told attendees at an investor day that was webcast on its website that it would improve its supply chain and implement new IT systems which would save it GB P250 million by 2015/2016 through capital expenditure over the same period of GBP1 billion.Some of those changes would include consolidating distribution sites which would mean further warehouse closures on top of the 21 already closed, sending products now to the country of sale rather than routing everything through a central U. K. hub, and refreshing stock systems and data collection. The minute stage of the companys strategy calls its 2020 program. It is to offer more choice of when and how to buy M products, with online sales a especially large growth area especially as more people turn to shopping on the Internet.Store sales are expected to shrink slightly by 2020 to GBP206 billion from GBP212 billion this year, while online sales are expected to almost triple to GBP57 billion in 2020 from GBP21 billion this year according to explore by Verdict, Forrester and Javelin Group provided by M at its investor day. Marks & Spencer aims to target some of its 8 million customers who shop online elsewhere but not at M. There is also an untapped 21. 5 million M customers who dont shop online at all.The final plank in ITVs strategy is to grow its international business which currently accounts for 15% of M profits through 296 international stores and its online presence. The growth is expected to come from increasing the groups central and eastern European operations as well as building on its business in China and India. The company expects to open 50 stores in five years in India, and distinguish key regional growth areas in China where the company will focus on property, products and local sourcing.Marks & Spencer unveiled its new strategy program under the banner 2020 Doing The Right Thing in May, which real a lukewarm reception from investors. At the time, the retailer outlined its targets but gave few details on how exactly it would implement the plans. A bellwether for British consumer sentiment, Marks & Spencer has been hit hard over the past 18 months b y the economic downturn as shoppers either cut back spending on resultant items or sought less expensive food and clothing elsewhere. As a result, the company has revamped its food offer and availability and introduced a budget range of grocery products.It has also cut capital spending, position off 1,230 staff and closed some stores. At the start of the month, Marks & Spencer reported better-than-expected fiscal second-quarter sales, buoyed by the introduction of less expensive food and revamped clothing and house ware ranges. Still, it cautioned that business will preserve difficult well into next year due to the economic downturn. Second-quarter group sales rose 2. 7%, due to a 9. 6% rise in international sales and a 30% come out in online sales. The company also raised its outlook on annual profit margin give thanks to better stock control, sourcing and supply chain management.Targeting strategy Targeting approach used by Marks & Spencer (M&S) is more multi segment targetin g than a concentrated targeting approach. When we look at the segmentation statistics, middle aged women are the gush revenue generator for the company but even the 80% of customers who bring the 20% of sales according to the 80/20 Paretos rule can be developed to increase the sales. Therefore M has been more focused on targeting multi segments of people with good educational socio economic class and who some high income urban populations as well.M has been previously focusing on women gender only but now environmental variables are changing and M has entered into the men market with high quality products as well that has increased the brand image in the clothing and accessories industry. M cannot follow undifferentiated or differentiated approach as the product pricing techniques are such that it is targeted to limited segment of higher socio economic class, who have high demands and can afford luxury and pleasure easily. Positioning strategy M, as now has become an international brand, thereof the company needed to position its brand in variable manner.The promotion in conspiracy East Asia region needed to be very different from what it was positioned in Britain. The company has focused a few important parameters that lift the brand in clothing industry. M has positioned its clothing and accessories with relaxation and high quality, moreover when it comes to international market specially in India where people are more in start out socio economic class and the consumer purchasing power is not equal to other international markets where M has been qualification profits, therefore in such regions the company has also focused on flexible pricing strategies in order to retain and add new customers.The competitors of M in the international market are large in numbers and in order to be differentiated from the others the positioning strategy currently pick out by M is well suited to the situation. The comfort and quality has been a prime concern for the cloth ing industry and positioning the product with such parameters requires M to provide constant results on long term basis so that the company is able to build the brand equity and customer loyalty.Positioning is promises that a company makes to its consumers and fulfilling this promise is not only the toughest task but it also need great sacrifices and unpopular decisions at times. However it is fact that if the positioning of the brand is well justified by the company with sincerity the increase in customer level is significant. In the world of similar products and services retaining customers is not easy and therefore M as a brand has to strive harder to get to the top clothing positioning.Financial position Notes As at As at 3 April 3 April 2011 2010 ? m ? Assets Non-current assets Investments in Group undertakings C5 9,179. 8 9,168. 6 Total assets 9,179. 8 9,168. Liabilities Current liabilities Amounts owed to Group undertakings 2,591. 8 2,603. 5 Total liabilities 2,591. 8 2,603. Net assets 6,588. 0 6,565. 1 Equity Ordinary share capital 396. 2 395. 5 Share premium account 255. 2 247. Capital redemption reserve 2,202. 6 2,202. 6 Merger reserve 1,397. 3 1,397. 3 Retained earnings 2,336. 7 2,322. 2 Total equity 6,588. 0 6,565. 1